Recombinant Human Desert Hedgehog/Dhh (C23II) N-Terminus, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Desert Hedgehog/Dhh (C23II) N-Terminus, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by C3H10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Nakamura, T. et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 237:465. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 15-45 µg/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human Desert Hedgehog/Dhh protein
  Cys23-Gly198 (Cys23Ile-Ile), with and without an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: O43323
• N-terminal Sequence: Met & Ile-Ile
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: DHH
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 20 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in NaH₂PO₄, NaCl and DTT with Trehalose.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Desert Hedgehog/Dhh (C23II) N-Terminus, CF

• desert hedgehog (Drosophila) homolog
• desert hedgehog homolog
• desert hedgehog protein
• Desert Hedgehog
• DHH
• HHG-3MGC35145

Background

Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) belongs to the highly conserved Hedgehog family of proteins which are involved in multiple developmental processes. Desert Hedgehog is a secreted, 45 kDa, 373 amino acid (aa) protein that undergoes autocatalytic cleavage between Gly198 and Cys199 catalyzed by the C-terminal domain, which releases the N-terminal domain with a concominant attachment of cholesterol at its new C-terminus. In addition to the C-terminally attached cholesterol, a fatty acid acyl chain is esterified to the N-terminal cysteine (aa 23) via an amide linkage. The 19 kDa N-terminal signaling domain is membrane associated due to its double lipid modifications. Its binding to Patched receptors results in the loss of Patched repression of Smoothened signaling (1 - 4). Dhh binds both Patched and Patched 2 as well as Hedgehog interacting protein (Hip) (5). Within the N-terminal domain, human Dhh shares 97% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Dhh. It shares approximately 75% aa seqeuence identity with human Indian (Ihh) and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) (5). Dhh is produced by Sertoli cells and is required for testis development and spermatogenesis (6, 7). It induces steroidogenic factor 1, which is instrumental in promoting Leydig cell differentiation (8, 9). It also promotes the deposition of basal lamina surrounding seminiferous tubules (6). Mutations of Dhh are linked to complete pure gonadal dysgenesis (10). Dhh is expressed in the female by ovarian granulosa cells and the corporus luteum (11). Its upregulation in ovarian cancer correlates positively with proliferative index, and negatively with prognosis (12). Dhh is also expressed by Schwann cells and is upregulated following nerve injury (13, 14). It induces the expression of Patched and Hip in neural tissue fibroblasts and promotes the formation of the connective tissue sheath surrounding peripheral nerves (13).

1. van den Brink, G.R. (2007) Physiol. Rev. 87:1343. 
2. Riobo, N.A. and D.R. Manning (2007) Biochem. J. 403:369. 
3. Porter, J.A. et al. (1995) Nature 374:363. 
4. Carpenter, D. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:13630. 
5. Pathi, S. et al. (2001) Mech. Dev. 106:107. 
6. Pierucci-Alves, F. et al. (2001) Biol. Reprod. 65:1392. 
7. Bitgood, M.J. et al. (1996) Curr. Biol. 6:298. 
8. Yao, H.H-C. et al. (2002) Genes Dev. 16:1433.
9. Park, S.Y. et al. (2007) Endocrinology 148:3704.
10. Canto, P. et al. (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89:4480.
11. Russell, M.C. et al. (2007) Biol. Reprod. 77:226.
12. Chen, X. et al. (2007) Cancer Sci. 98:68.
13. Parmantier, E. et al. (1999) Neuron 23:713.
14. Bajestan, S.N. et al. (2006) J. Neurobiol. 66:243.

Publications for Desert Hedgehog/Dhh (4777-DH)(3)

Publications using 4777-DH

• Li, L;Sottas, CM;Chen, HY;Li, Y;Cui, H;Villano, JS;Mankowski, JL;Cannon, PM;Papadopoulos, V; SARS-CoV-2 Enters Human Leydig Cells and Affects Testosterone Production In Vitro Cells 2023-04-20 [PMID: 37190107] (Bioassay, Human)
• Saito A, Kanemoto S, Zhang Y, Asada R, Hino K, Imaizumi K Chondrocyte proliferation regulated by secreted luminal domain of ER stress transducer BBF2H7/CREB3L2. Mol Cell, 2013-12-12;53(1):127-39. 2013-12-12 [PMID: 24332809] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: DHH
• Uniprot:
  • O43323()