Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta Protein, CF

Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha /TNF-beta (Catalog # 211-TBB/CF) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED50 for this effect is 4‑20 pg/mL.

1 µg/lane of Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha /TNF-beta was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a band at 19 kDa.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. Matthews, N. and M.L. Neale (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach. Clemens, M.J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 221. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4-20 pg/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta protein
  Leu35-Leu205, with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: P01374
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: LTA
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 19 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 17-19 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta Protein, CF

• LT
• LTA
• LT-alpha
• lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)
• Lymphotoxin alpha
• Lymphotoxinalpha
• Lymphotoxin-alpha
• tnfb
• TNF-beta
• TNFBlymphotoxin-alpha
• TNFSF1
• TNFSF1B
• TNFSF1TNF-beta
• tumor necrosis factor beta
• Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 1

Background

Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha ), also known as Tumor Necrosis Factor-beta (TNF-beta ), is a member of the TNF Superfamily. Human LT-alpha /TNF-beta is a 22 kDa protein that shares 73% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat LT-alpha /TNF-beta (1-3). Secreted LT-alpha forms homotrimers that bind and activate TNF RI/TNFRSF1A, TNF RII/TNFRSF1B, and HVEM/TNFRSF14 (4). LT-alpha /TNF-beta also forms heterotrimers with plasma membrane-localized LT-beta to bind and activate the LT-beta R/TNFRSF3 (4). In addition to its cytotoxic action on tumor cells, LT-alpha /TNF-beta mediates lymph node development, inflammation, and immune function (5-8). LT-alpha /TNF-beta is expressed in activated T- and B lymphocytes and contributes to autoimmune disease (9, 10).

1. Nedwin, G.E. et al. (1985) J. Cell. Biochem. 29:171.
2. Gray, P.W. et al. (1984) Nature 312:721.
3. Kobayashi, Y. et al. (1986) J. Biochem. 100:727.
4. Warzocha, K. et al. (1995) Eur. Cytokine Netw. 6:83.
5. McCarthy, D.D. et al.(2006) Immunol. Res. 35:41.
6. Drutskaya, M.S. et al. (2010) IUBMB Life 62:283.
7. De Togni, P. et al. (1994) Science 264:703.
8. Seleznik, G.M. et al. (2014) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 25:125.
9. Mapara, M.Y. et al. (1994) Int. J. Cancer 58:248.
10. Chiang, E.Y. et al. (2009) Nat. Med. 15:766.

Publications for Lymphotoxin-alpha/TNF-beta (211-TBB/CF)(8)

Publications using 211-TBB/CF

• M Fellermann, C Huchler, L Fechter, T Kolb, F Wondany, D Mayer, J Michaelis, S Stenger, K Mellert, P Möller, TFE Barth, S Fischer, H Barth Clostridial C3 Toxins Enter and Intoxicate Human Dendritic Cells Toxins (Basel), 2020-09-01;12(9):. 2020-09-01 [PMID: 32883045] (Bioassay, Human)
• TK Darling, PN Mimche, C Bray, B Umaru, LM Brady, C Stone, CE Eboumbou M, TE Lane, LS Ayong, TJ Lamb EphA2 contributes to disruption of the blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria PLoS Pathog., 2020-01-30;16(1):e1008261. 2020-01-30 [PMID: 31999807] (Bioassay, Human)
• JG Chen, X Liu, M Munshi, L Xu, N Tsakmaklis, MG Demos, A Kofides, ML Guerrera, GG Chan, CJ Patterson, KE Meid, J Gustine, T Dubeau, P Severns, JJ Castillo, ZR Hunter, J Wang, SJ Buhrlage, NS Gray, SP Treon, G Yang BTKCys481Serdrives ibrutinib resistance via ERK1/2, and protects BTKWild-TypeMYD88 mutated cells by a paracrine mechanism Blood, 2018-03-01;0(0):. 2018-03-01 [PMID: 29496671] (Bioassay, Human)
• Sarhan D, Palma M, Mao Y, Adamson L, Kiessling R, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A, Lundqvist A Dendritic cell regulation of NK-cell responses involves lymphotoxin-alpha, IL-12, and TGF-beta. Eur J Immunol, 2015-04-17;45(6):1783-93. 2015-04-17 [PMID: 25773885] (Bioassay, Human)
• Steeland S, Puimege L, Vandenbroucke R, Van Hauwermeiren F, Haustraete J, Devoogdt N, Hulpiau P, Leroux-Roels G, Laukens D, Meuleman P, De Vos M, Libert C Generation and characterization of small single domain antibodies inhibiting human tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. J Biol Chem, 2014-12-23;290(7):4022-37. 2014-12-23 [PMID: 25538244] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yaden B, Wang Y, Wilson J, Culver A, Milner A, Datta-Mannan A, Shetler P, Croy J, Dai G, Krishnan V Inhibition of activin A ameliorates skeletal muscle injury and rescues contractile properties by inducing efficient remodeling in female mice. Am J Pathol, 2014-04-01;184(4):1152-66. 2014-04-01 [PMID: 24655377] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Vang , Amanda G, Housley , William, Dong , Hongli, Basole , Chaitali, Ben-Sasson , Shlomo Z, Kream , Barbara, Epstein , Paul M, Clark , Robert B, Brocke , Stefan Regulatory T-cells and cAMP suppress effector T-cells independently of PKA-CREM/ICER: a potential role for Epac. Biochem J, 2013-12-15;456(3):463-73. 2013-12-15 [PMID: 24007532] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Johnson LA, Clasper S, Holt AP, Lalor PF, Baban D, Jackson DG An inflammation-induced mechanism for leukocyte transmigration across lymphatic vessel endothelium. J. Exp. Med., 2006-11-20;203(12):2763-77. 2006-11-20 [PMID: 17116732] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: LTA
• Uniprot:
  • P01374()