TGF-beta 1 Human Expressed Protein

Product Discontinued

TGF-beta 1 Human Expressed Protein Summary

• Description: Source: Human platelet-derived
  
  The human platelets used for the isolation of this product were certified by the supplier to be HIV-1 and HBsAg negative at the time of shipment. Human blood products should always be treated in accordance with universal handling precautions.
  
  What does CF mean?
  
  CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
  
  What formulation is right for me?
  
  In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
• Source: Human Platelets
• Protein/Peptide Type: Human Expressed Protein
• Gene: Tgfb1
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method

Applications/Dilutions

• Theoretical MW: 12 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70C as supplied. 3 months, -20 to -70C under sterile conditions after opening.
• Buffer: 0.2 um filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 10 ug/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin

Alternate Names for TGF-beta 1 Human Expressed Protein

• CEDLAP
• DPD1
• latency-associated peptide
• TGF beta
• TGF beta1
• TGFB
• TGFB1
• TGF-beta 1 protein
• TGFbeta 1
• TGF-beta 1
• TGFbeta
• TGF-beta-1
• transforming growth factor beta-1
• transforming growth factor, beta 1

Background

TGF-B1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-B superfamily that share a characteristic cysteine knot structure (1-7). TGF-B1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-4). Each TGF-B isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-B1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF-B1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- B1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-B1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-B1 complex (8-10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-B binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-B is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF-B1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-B1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-B1. It demonstrates cross-species activity (1). TGF-B1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-B RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-B RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1.This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-B RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-B in different contexts (11).


Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) TGF-B and the TGF-B Family in The TGF-B Family, Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p. 29.


Dunker, N. K. Krieglstein, 2000, Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.


Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.


Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.


Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.


Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.


Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.

Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.


Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.


Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.


de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.


Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Peptides and proteins are guaranteed for 3 months from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Tgfb1