Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - Western Blot on human heart protein lysate.
Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - Mouse liver. NuPAGE 4-12%. This image was submitted via customer review.
Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - The protein expression levels in QF muscle. Representative Western blot images. n = 14-15 animals/group. * = vs. LFsed (P 0.1). Black bars = sedentary, grey bars = running. ...read more
Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-07047] - Genetic manipulations can alter PDH E1 alpha phosphorylation in response to hypoxia.(a) MIA PaCa-2 control (Hg), silenced HIF1 alpha (shHIF1 alpha ) or silenced ...read more
Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-07047] - Hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial OCR & PDH activity & induces PDHK1 protein & activity.(a) Ratio of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) to extracellular acidification rate ...read more
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence reported in scientific literature (PMID 25991547)
Western Blot 2 ug/ml
Application Notes
In Western blot, a band is seen at ~49 kDa. This product is not recommended for ICC, as nonspecific nuclear staining was observed in HeLa cells. The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
Theoretical MW
49 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4) is expressed ubiquitously in the mitochondrion matrix of tissues with highest expression seen in liver, heart and skeletal muscles. PDK4 is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin, and is found elevated with diabetes, fasting and other conditions where fatty acids act as energy source. Under starvation/diabetic conditions, enhanced glucocorticoids levels activate glucocorticoid receptor thereby recruiting p300/CBP coactivator complex to PDK4 gene where it cooperatively interact with FOXO factors and activated RARs to make a stable transcriptional initiation complex responsible for PDK4 activation. Insulin promotes inactivation and translocation of FOXO factors from nucleus to cytoplasm and thereby suppresses glucocorticoid-stimulated PDK4 gene transcription. PDK4 inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) via its E1 alpha subunit's phosphorylation, thus contributing to glucose metabolism regulation. Insulin resistance is associated with PDC dysregulation in skeletal muscles and excessive insulin on the other hand downregulates PDK4 expression. PDK4 exerts conservation of glucose as well as three-carbon compounds such as lactate, alanine, pyruvate etc. which serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis and this conservation helps maintain euglycemia during starvation, however, exacerbates hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Limitations
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.
FAQs for PDK4 Antibody (NBP1-07047). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).
Which PDK4 antibody do you recommend for immunoblot? I'm working with human cell lines. ..show answer..
NBP1-07047 and NBP1-07049 are our best selling PDK4 antibodies that will meet your mentioned criteria i.e. Immunoblot/Western Blot in Human samples. However, all of our products are 100% guaranteed and you may find a complete list of PDK4 antibodies by searching PDK4 on our website and narrowing your results using the filters on the left-hand side of the screen.
The concentration calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume, mass or concentration of your vial. Simply enter your mass, volume, or concentration values for your reagent and the calculator will determine the rest.
![Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - Western Blot on human heart protein lysate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PDK4-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-07047-img0002.jpg "Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - Western Blot on human heart protein lysate.")
![Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - Mouse liver. NuPAGE 4-12%. This image was submitted via customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PDK4-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-07047-img0003.jpg "Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - Mouse liver. NuPAGE 4-12%. This image was submitted via customer review.")
![Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - The protein expression levels in QF muscle. Representative Western blot images. n = 14-15 animals/group. * = vs. LFsed (P 0.1). Black bars = sedentary, grey bars = running. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-9-53), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PDK4-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-07047-img0004.jpg "Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody [NBP1-07047] - The protein expression levels in QF muscle. Representative Western blot images. n = 14-15 animals/group. * = vs. LFsed (P 0.1). Black bars = sedentary, grey bars = running. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-9-53), licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-07047] - Genetic manipulations can alter PDH E1 alpha phosphorylation in response to hypoxia.(a) MIA PaCa-2 control (Hg), silenced HIF1 alpha (shHIF1 alpha ) or silenced PDHK1 (shPDHK1) & PDP1 overexpressing cells were incubated for 16 h in normoxia or hypoxia (0.5% O2) & phospho-serine E1 alpha detected by Western blot showing that all three modifications can have an inhibitory effect on hypoxic Ser232 phosphorylation. (b) Increased pSer232-E1 alpha detection after E1 alpha immunoprecipitation from lysates of cells treated as in (a). (c) The same analysis as in (a) after treatment with 16 h 1 mM DMOG. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498883), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-07047_rabbit-polyclonal-pdk4-antibody-31020241534333.jpg "Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-07047] - Genetic manipulations can alter PDH E1 alpha phosphorylation in response to hypoxia.(a) MIA PaCa-2 control (Hg), silenced HIF1 alpha (shHIF1 alpha ) or silenced PDHK1 (shPDHK1) & PDP1 overexpressing cells were incubated for 16 h in normoxia or hypoxia (0.5% O2) & phospho-serine E1 alpha detected by Western blot showing that all three modifications can have an inhibitory effect on hypoxic Ser232 phosphorylation. (b) Increased pSer232-E1 alpha detection after E1 alpha immunoprecipitation from lysates of cells treated as in (a). (c) The same analysis as in (a) after treatment with 16 h 1 mM DMOG. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498883), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.")
![Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-07047] - Hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial OCR & PDH activity & induces PDHK1 protein & activity.(a) Ratio of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) to extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measured by Seahorse XF in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, & SU.86.86 cell lines in high (25 mM) or low (0.5 mM) glucose incubated overnight with or without 1 mM DMOG. (mean ± SEM, two-tailed Student’s t-test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) (b) Cell-based PDH activity assay in cells incubated 16 h in normoxia, hypoxia (0.5% O2) or 1 mM DMOG. (mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) (c) Western blots of HIF alpha isoforms, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms (PDHKs), phosphatase (PDP1 – lower band *), target phosphorylated serine residues on E1 alpha & total E1 alpha after overnight incubation in normoxia or hypoxia (0.5% O2) at 25 or 5 mM glucose as indicated. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498883), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-07047_rabbit-polyclonal-pdk4-antibody-310202416171443.jpg "Western Blot: PDK4 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-07047] - Hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial OCR & PDH activity & induces PDHK1 protein & activity.(a) Ratio of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) to extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measured by Seahorse XF in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, & SU.86.86 cell lines in high (25 mM) or low (0.5 mM) glucose incubated overnight with or without 1 mM DMOG. (mean ± SEM, two-tailed Student’s t-test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) (b) Cell-based PDH activity assay in cells incubated 16 h in normoxia, hypoxia (0.5% O2) or 1 mM DMOG. (mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) (c) Western blots of HIF alpha isoforms, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms (PDHKs), phosphatase (PDP1 – lower band *), target phosphorylated serine residues on E1 alpha & total E1 alpha after overnight incubation in normoxia or hypoxia (0.5% O2) at 25 or 5 mM glucose as indicated. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498883), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.")
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![Western Blot: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody [HRP] [NB7160] - Western blot showing vemurafenib treatment in BRAFV600E CRC cells inhibits fission mediator DRP1 with no significant effect on fusion proteins (Mfn1 & 2) using MFN-1 antibody (NBP1-51841) and corresponding secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (NB7160). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33738242).](https://images.novusbio.com/images/Goat-anti-Rabbit-IgG-H+L-Secondary-Antibody-HRP-Western-Blot-NB7160-img0001.jpg "Western Blot: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody [HRP] [NB7160] - Western blot showing vemurafenib treatment in BRAFV600E CRC cells inhibits fission mediator DRP1 with no significant effect on fusion proteins (Mfn1 & 2) using MFN-1 antibody (NBP1-51841) and corresponding secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (NB7160). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33738242).")
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