SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody - BSA Free

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody [NB100-402] - CTR1 antibody was tested in NIH-3T3 cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).

Immunohistochemistry: SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody [NB100-402] - Panel 1: human CTR1 staining of breast cancer tissue. Panel 2: human CTR1-antigen competition in breast cancer tissue.

Immunohistochemistry: SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody [NB100-402] - Left panel: Antibody staining of hCTR1 overexpressing cell line. Right panel: Antibody plus peptide competition staining.

SLC31A1/CRT1 was detected in immersion fixed NIH3T3 Mouse fibroblast cell line using Rabbit anti-SLC31A1/CRT1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB100-402) at 2 µg/mL overnight at 4C. Cells were stained using DyLight 488-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Absorbed Secondary Antibody (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.

SLC31A1/CRT1 was detected in immersion fixed NIH3T3 Mouse fibroblast cell line using Rabbit anti-SLC31A1/CRT1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody conjugated to DyLight 650 (Catalog # NB100-402C) (light blue) at 10 µg/mL overnight at 4C. Cells were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Rt, Po, Ca, Xp, Ze
• Applications: WB, ICC/IF, IHC
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Format: BSA Free
• Concentration: 1 mg/ml

SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody - BSA Free Summary

• Immunogen: A synthetic peptide derived from a C-terminal sequence of human SLC31A1/CTR1 [Uniprot: O15431]
• Localization: Cell Membrane
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: SLC31A1
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:250
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:250
  • Western Blot
• Control Peptide:

  SLC31A1/CTR1 Peptide (NB100-402PEP)

Reactivity Notes

Canine reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 29901089).

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.02% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1 mg/ml
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Alternate Names for SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody - BSA Free

• Copper transporter 1
• COPT1
• COPT1high affinity copper uptake protein 1
• CTR1
• CTR1MGC75487
• HCTR1
• hCTR1copper transport 1 homolog
• SLC31A1
• solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), member 1
• Solute carrier family 31 member 1

Background

SLC31A1/CTR1 (solute carrier family 31 member 1/copper transporter 1) is a homotrimeric high-affinity, saturable copper importer implicated in dietary copper uptake. Homeostasis of copper is tightly controlled by inter-regulatory circuitry containing copper, Sp1, and CTR1, wherein Sp1 transcription factor acts as a copper sensor in modulating CTR1 expression which in turn controls cellular copper and Sp1 levels in a 3-way mutual regulatory loop. CTR1 mediated copper uptake is time, temperature, and pH dependent and specific for reduced form of Cu (I) and copper reduction has been proposed to be caused by Steap protein family or Dcytb protein (Cybrd1) both of which are reported to possess cupric reductase activity. The intracellular localization of CTR1 is variable in different cell lines: CTR1 is localized at the plasma membrane in HEK293, CaCo-2, and A2780 cells, whereas, in other cells such as HeLa, it is predominantly localized to vesicular compartments, and variability in trafficking rates between vesicular and plasma membrane compartments has been suggested as the cause of this differential localization. Post-translational O-linked glycosylation of CTR1 protects it against proteolytic cleavage of N terminal 17-kD fragment and the biological function of this cleaved variant or protease responsible is largely unknown. Selective knockout of Ctr1 in murine intestinal epithelial cells results in severe systemic copper deficiency, ataxia, and death prior to weaning.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody (NB100-402)(35)

Publications using NB100-402

• Fantin J, Toutain J, Pérès EA et al. Assessment of hypoxia and oxidative-related changes in a lung-derived brain metastasis model by [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET and proteomic studies EJNMMI research 2023-11-25 [PMID: 38006431] (IHC-Fr, Human)
• Zhang X, Jiang Q, Su Y et al. AMPK phosphorylates and stabilises copper transporter 1 to synergise metformin and copper chelator for breast cancer therapy British journal of cancer 2023-02-17 [PMID: 36807336]
• Shin VY, Liu MX, Siu JM et al. Inhibition of EP2 receptor suppresses tumor growth and chemoresistance of gastric cancer American journal of cancer research 2022-10-15 [PMID: 36381319] (WB, Human)
• Choi H, Oh D, Kim M et al. Copper deficiency affects the developmental competence of porcine oocytes matured in vitro Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2022-09-07 [PMID: 36158185]
• Saifi MA, Godugu C Copper chelation therapy inhibits renal fibrosis by modulating copper transport proteins BioFactors (Oxford, England) 2022-03-24 [PMID: 35322483]
• Aloysius Dhivya M, Sulochana K, Devi S High glucose induced inflammation is inhibited by copper chelation via rescuing mitochondrial fusion protein 2 in retinal pigment epithelial cells Cellular Signalling 2022-01-01 [PMID: 34999205] (WB, Human)
• Liu LL, Du D, Zheng W, Zhang Y Age-dependent Decline of Copper Clearance at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Neurotoxicology 2021-10-27 [PMID: 34718061] (IF/IHC, WB, Rat)
• Guo J, Cheng J, Zheng N Et Al. Copper Promotes Tumorigenesis by Activating the PDK1-AKT Oncogenic Pathway in a Copper Transporter 1 Dependent Manner Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2021-07-18 [PMID: 34278744]
• Schoonover KE, Kennedy WM, Roberts RC Cortical copper transporter expression in schizophrenia: interactions of risk gene dysbindin-1 Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 2021-04-22 [PMID: 33890175] (WB, Human)
• Tsai TL, Lai YH, Hw Chen H, Su WC Overcoming Radiation Resistance by Iron-Platinum Metal Alloy Nanoparticles in Human Copper Transport 1-Overexpressing Cancer Cells via Mitochondrial Disturbance International journal of nanomedicine 2021-03-09 [PMID: 33727814] (WB, Human)
• Schoonover KE, Farmer CB, Morgan CJ, et al. Abnormalities in the copper transporter CTR1 in postmortem hippocampus in schizophrenia: A subregion and laminar analysis Schizophrenia research 2021-01-09 [PMID: 33434736] (IF/IHC)
• Schoonover KE, Roberts RC Markers of copper transport in the cingulum bundle in schizophrenia Schizophrenia research 2021-01-09 [PMID: 33434726] (WB, Human)
• Yu Z, Mersaoui S, Guitton-Sert L et al. DDX5 resolves R-loops at DNA double-strand breaks to promote DNA repair and avoid chromosomal deletions NAR Cancer 2020-10-05 [PMID: 33015627] (WB)
• Federica Iannelli, Andrea Ilaria Zotti, Maria Serena Roca, Laura Grumetti, Rita Lombardi, Tania Moccia, Carlo Vitagliano, Maria Rita Milone, Chiara Ciardiello, Francesca Bruzzese, Alessandra Leone, Ernesta Cavalcanti, Rossella De Cecio, Giuseppina Iachetta, Salvatore Valiante, Franco Ionna, Francesco Caponigro, Elena Di Gennaro, Alfredo Budillon Valproic Acid Synergizes With Cisplatin and Cetuximab in vitro and in vivo in Head and Neck Cancer by Targeting the Mechanisms of Resistance Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2020-08-17 [PMID: 33015030]
• Aubert L, Nandagopal N, Steinhart Z et al. Copper bioavailability is a KRAS-specific vulnerability in colorectal cancer Nat Commun 2020-07-24 [PMID: 32709883] (IHC-P)
• Morrell A, Tripet B, Eilers B et al. Copper modulates sex-specific fructose hepatoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) Wistar rat models The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2019-12-01 [PMID: 31986483] (WB, Rat)
• Elodie A. Pérès, Jérôme Toutain, Louis-Paul Paty, Didier Divoux, Méziane Ibazizène, Stéphane Guillouet, Louisa Barré, Aurélien Vidal, Michel Cherel, Mickaël Bourgeois, Myriam Bernaudin, Samuel Valable 64 Cu-ATSM/ 64 Cu-Cl 2 and their relationship to hypoxia in glioblastoma: a preclinical study EJNMMI Research 2019-12-19 [PMID: 31858290]
• Yong L, Ma Y, Liang C et al. Oleandrin sensitizes human osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin by preventing degradation of the copper transporter 1 Phytother Res 2019-05-02 [PMID: 31050072] (IF/IHC, Human)
• Ishihara K, Kawashita E, Shimizu R et al. Copper accumulation in the brain causes the elevation of oxidative stress and less anxious behavior in Ts1Cje mice, a model of Down syndrome Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2019-01-18 [PMID: 30660502] (WB, Mouse)
• Schoonover KE, Queern SL, Lapi SE, Roberts RC. Impaired copper transport in schizophrenia results in a copper-deficient brain state: A new side to the dysbindin story The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2020-01-02 [PMID: 30230404]
• Ahn C, Choi JS, Jeung EB. Organ-specific expression of the divalent ion channel proteins NCKX3, TRPV2, CTR1, ATP7A, IREG1 and HEPH in various canine organs Mol Med Rep 2018-06-07 [PMID: 29901089] (Canine)
• Bu I, Hamacher A, Sarin N, Kassack MU. Relevance of copper transporter 1 and organic cation transporters 1-3 for oxaliplatin uptake and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Metallomics. 2018-02-08 [PMID: 29417972] (Human)
• Schneider V, Chaib S, Spanier C et al. Transporter-Mediated Interaction Between Platinum Drugs and Sorafenib at the Cellular Level. AAPS J 2017-11-30 [PMID: 29192345] (WB)
• Doherty Ben, Lawlor Denise, Gillet Jean-Pierre et al. Collateral sensitivity to cisplatin in KB-8-5-11 drug-resistant cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2014-01-01 [PMID: 24403508] (Human)
• Yoshida H, Teramae M, Yamauchi M et al. Association of copper transporter expression with platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer Anticancer Res 2013-04-01 [PMID: 23564780]
• Ip V, Liu JJ, McKeage MJ et al. Evaluation of effects of copper histidine on Ctr1-mediated accumulation of platinum and oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013-04-05 [PMID: 23556474] (IF/IHC, Rat)
• Liu JJ, Kim Y, Yan F et al. Contributions of rat Ctr1 to the uptake and toxicity of copper and platinum anticancer drugs in dorsal root ganglion neurons Biochem Pharmacol 2012-10-31 [PMID: 23123662] (ICC/IF, Rat)
• Stordal B, Hamon M, McEneaney V et al. Resistance to Paclitaxel in a Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Is Mediated by P-Glycoprotein plos One 2012-01-01 [PMID: 22792399] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)
• Pourvali K, Matak P, Latunde-Dada GOet al. Basal expression of copper transporter 1 in intestinal epithelial cells is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 2? FEBS Lett 2012-06-07 [PMID: 22684009] (WB, Human)
• Chen DB, Feng L, Lin XP, Zhang W, Li FR, Liang XL, Li XH. Penicillamine increases free copper and enhances oxidative stress in the brain of toxic milk mice. PLoS One;7(5):e37709. 2012-01-01 [PMID: 22629446] (IF/IHC, WB, IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• Schoonover K, Roberts R. Isoform and protein region abnormalities of dysbindin and copper transporter proteins in postmortem schizophrenia substantia nigra. bioRxiv 2018-06-09 (WB, Human)
• More SS, Akil O, Ianculescu AG et al. Role of the copper transporter, CTR1, in platinum-induced ototoxicity. J Neurosci;30(28):9500-9. 2010-07-14 [PMID: 20631178] (WB, IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• Jandial DD et al. Enhanced delivery of cisplatin to intraperitoneal ovarian carcinomas mediated by the effects of bortezomib on the human copper transporter 1. Clin Cancer Res;15(2):553-60. 2009-01-15 [PMID: 19147760]
• Peng, Fangyu et al. PET of human prostate cancer xenografts in mice with increased uptake of 64CuCl2. J Nucl Med;47(10):1649-52. 2006-10-01 [PMID: 17015901]
• Holzer, AK et al. Expression of the human copper influx transporter 1 in normal and malignant human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem;54(9):1041-9. 2006-09-01 [PMID: 16709730]

FAQs for SLC31A1/CTR1 Antibody (NB100-402). (Showing 1 - 4 of 4 FAQs).

1. Could you provide the immunogen sequence of this antibody?
   • The immunogen sequence for this product is considered proprietary, but I can tell you it falls within amino acids 160-190 of CTR1.
2. We have bought and used the SLC31A1/CTR1 antibody (Novus Biologicals; catnr. NB100-402) successfully for our Western blot and IHC analysis. We want to publish this, but the reviewers urged us to do a control experiment using a corresponding blocking peptide. Do you have the peptide available by which we can block the specific binding of this anti-SLC31A1 antibody?
   • Thank you for contacting us regarding your successful use of our product. In regards to your inquiry, I have done a search of our products, and unfortunately, we do not have the blocking peptide for that particular antibody (NB100-402). I apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you.
3. Could you please tell me the targeted amino acids of the CTR1 antibody NB100-402?
   • Unfortunately, we cannot disclose that information. However, since human SLC31A1 is a small protein (http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O15431#sequences), I anticipate that so called ".. A synthetic peptide derived from a C-terminal sequence .. " should be located within a.a. 140 - 190.
4. What is the molecular weight of CTR1?  
   • The theoretical molecular weight of CTR1 is 21kDa. The protein can run slightly higher in western blot due to PTMs.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: SLC31A1