STING/TMEM173 Full length Protein

Product Discontinued

STING/TMEM173 Full length Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: This protein is not active and should not be used for experiments requiring activity.
• Protein/Peptide Type: Full length Protein
• Gene: TMEM173

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Block/Neutralize
  • ELISA
  • Western Blot
• Application Notes: This antibody is useful for ELISA, Western Blot, Blocking/Neutralizing This product may contain endotoxins and is not suitable for use with live cells.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at -80C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Preservative: No Preservative

Notes

This product is produced by and distributed for Abnova, a company based in Taiwan.

Alternate Names for STING/TMEM173 Full length Protein

• endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator
• Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator
• ERIS
• FLJ38577
• hMITA
• hSTING
• Mediator of IRF3 activation
• MITA
• mitochondrial mediator of IRF3 activation
• MPYS
• NET23
• N-terminal methionine-proline-tyrosine-serine plasma membrane tetraspanner
• SAVI
• Stimulator of interferon genes protein
• stimulator of interferon protein
• STING
• STING-beta
• TMEM173
• transmembrane protein 173

Background

STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is encoded by the TMEM173 gene and is an adaptor molecule involved in the activation of innate immune responses to PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and DAMPS (damage-associated molecular patterns). STING specifically recognizes cytosolic DNA products derived from pathogens (e.g., cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, Listeria monocytogenes) or dead cells (1, 2). In the STING pathway, dsDNA derived from pathogens or damaged cells serves as a substrate for the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP (3, 4). Under steady-state conditions STING (theoretical molecular weight 42 kDa), a protein localizes to the ER membrane. Upon activation by dsDNA derived second messenger (cGAMP), STING translocates to the Golgi apparatus as a homodimer. Once STING has trafficked to the perinuclear region, it activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-kB leading to the production of cytokines (e.g., type I interferon) (2, 4). Mutations in the TMEM173 gene affecting STING expression are associated with the development of the auto-inflammatory disease SAVI (STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy) (2). A novel SAVI dominant mutation in the TMEM173 human gene (V155M) leads to increased localization of STING to the Golgi and perinuclear region, indicative of an activated state (1). Hallmarks of SAVI, a rare inflammatory disease, include severe vasculitis in extremities and lung inflammation (7).

References

1. Patel, S., & Jin, L. (2019). TMEM173 variants and potential importance to human biology and disease. Genes and Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-018-0029-9

2. Jounai, N., Kobiyama, K., Takeshita, F., & Ishii, K. J. (2013). Recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns related to nucleic acids during inflammation and vaccination. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00168

3. Xiao, T. S., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2013). The cGAS-STING Pathway for DNA Sensing. Molecular Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.004

4. Kato, K., Omura, H., Ishitani, R., & Nureki, O. (2017). Cyclic GMP-AMP as an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA. Annual Review of Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044813

5. Crowl, J. T., Gray, E. E., Pestal, K., Volkman, H. E., & Stetson, D. B. (2017). Intracellular Nucleic Acid Detection in Autoimmunity. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052331

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Peptides and proteins are guaranteed for 3 months from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TMEM173